Magento is a leading enterprise-class e-commerce platform built on open source technology combining powerful features with flexibility and user-friendly interface.

With features like Engaging Shopping Experiences, Flexible Modular Architecture and Enterprise-grade Scalability and Performance Magento is a platform of choice for most online merchants.

This is the first post in the series How to install and configure Magento 2 on CentOS 7. In this tutorial, we will walk you through the steps of installing Magento 2 on your CentOS 7 machine.

Prerequisites

As the prerequisites to follow this tutorial, you will need:

  • CentOS 7 server, according to the official Magento 2 system requirements you need at least 2G of RAM. If you are using a server with less than 2GB of RAM, you should create a swap file.
  • Logged in as a user account with sudo privileges.
  • A domain name pointing to your public server IP. In this tutorial, we will use example.com.
  • Installed and configured Nginx, MySQL and PHP 7.1. If you haven’t, refer to our LEMP on CentOS 7 guide.
  • A valid SSL certificate. If you don’t have one, you can create a free Lets’s Encrypt SSL certificate by following Secure Nginx with Let’s Encrypt on CentOS 7.

Magento Access Key Pair

We need to generate access keys to authenticate access to the Magento 2 code repository and third-party extensions and themes.

If you don’t have a Magento Marketplace account, you can create one here. Once you create the account, please check these instructions on how to generate a new set of access keys.

Create MySQL Database

Magento 2 is compatible with MySQL 5.6 and 5.7, MariaDB 10.x and Percona 5.7. If you don’t have MySQL or MariaDB installed on your server you can check this guide.

Login to the MySQL shell:

mysql -u root -p

And run the following commands to create a new database and user and grant privileges to that user over the newly created database:

CREATE DATABASE magento;GRANT ALL ON magento.* TO magento@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'P4ssvv0rD';

Install PHP extensions

We assume that you have already enabled PHP 7.1 Remi repository using our guide.

Install all required PHP extensions with the following command:

sudo yum install php-mysql php-opcache php-xml php-mcrypt php-gd php-soap php-redis php-bcmath php-intl php-mbstring php-json php-iconv php-fpm php-zip

Once the installation is complete, set the required and recommended PHP options by editing the php.ini file with sed:

sudo sed -i "s/memory_limit = .*/memory_limit = 756M/" /etc/php.inisudo sed -i "s/upload_max_filesize = .*/upload_max_filesize = 256M/" /etc/php.inisudo sed -i "s/zlib.output_compression = .*/zlib.output_compression = on/" /etc/php.inisudo sed -i "s/max_execution_time = .*/max_execution_time = 18000/" /etc/php.inisudo sed -i "s/;date.timezone.*/date.timezone = UTC/" /etc/php.inisudo sed -i "s/;opcache.save_comments.*/opcache.save_comments = 1/" /etc/php.d/10-opcache.ini

Install Composer

Composer is a dependency manager for PHP which is used for installing, updating and managing libraries.

To install composer globally, download the Composer installer with curl and move the file to the /usr/local/bin directory:

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | phpsudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Create a new System User

Create a new user and group, which will run our Magento installation, for simplicity we will name our user magento:

sudo useradd -m -U -r -d /opt/magento magento

Add the nginx user to the magento group and change the /opt/magento directory permissions so that the Nginx can access our Magento installation:

sudo usermod -a -G magento nginxsudo chmod 750 /opt/magento

Configure PHP FPM

Next, we need to configure PHP and create an FPM pool for our magento user.

Open your text editor and create the following file:

/etc/php-fpm.d/magento.conf

[magento]
user = magento
group = nginx
listen.owner = magento
listen.group = nginx
listen = /run/php-fpm/magento.sock
pm = ondemand
pm.max_children =  50
pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s
pm.max_requests = 500
chdir = /

Save the file and restart the PHP FPM service for changes to take effect:

sudo systemctl restart php-fpm

Install Magento

There are several ways to install Magento. Avoid installing Magento from the Github repository because that version is intended for development and not for production installations. In this tutorial, we will install Magento from their repositories using composer.

Switch over to the user magento:

sudo su - magento

Start the installation by downloading magento files to the /opt/magento/public_html directory:

composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition /opt/magento/public_html

During the project creation, the composer will ask you to enter the access keys, copy the keys from your Magento marketplace account and store them in the auth.json file, so later when updating your installation you don’t have to add the same keys again.

    Authentication required (repo.magento.com):
      Username: e758ec1745d190520ca246e4e832e12c
      Password:
Do you want to store credentials for repo.magento.com in /opt/magento/.config/composer/auth.json ? [Yn]

Once the project is created we can start the installation. We can install Magento either by using the command line or using the web Setup Wizard. In this tutorial, we will install Magento using the command line.

We will use the following options to install our Magento store:

  • Base and Base secure URLs are set to https://example.com, change it with your domain.
  • Magento administrator:
    • John Doe as first and last name.
    • [email protected] as email.
    • john as username and j0hnP4ssvv0rD as a password.
  • Database name magento, username magento, password P4ssvv0rD, and the database server is on the same host as the web server.
  • en_US, US English as default language.
  • USD dollars as default currency.
  • America/Chicago as a time zone.

You can find all the installation options here.

Change to the Magento ~/public_html directory:

cd ~/public_html

Run the following command to start the installation:

php bin/magento setup:install --base-url=https://example.com/ 
                        --base-url-secure=https://example.com/ 
                        --admin-firstname="John" 
                        --admin-lastname="Doe" 
                        --admin-email="[email protected]" 
                        --admin-user="john" 
                        --admin-password="j0hnP4ssvv0rD" 
                        --db-name="magento" 
                        --db-host="localhost" 
                        --db-user="magento" 
                        --currency=USD 
                        --timezone=America/Chicago 
                        --use-rewrites=1 
                        --db-password="P4ssvv0rD"

Don’t forget to change the password (j0hnP4ssvv0rD) to something more secure.

If the installation is successful you will be presented with a message that contains the URI to the Magento admin dashboard.

[Progress: 485 / 485]
[SUCCESS]: Magento installation complete.
[SUCCESS]: Magento Admin URI: /admin_1csalp
Nothing to import.

Create the Magento crontab

Magento uses cron jobs to schedule tasks like re-indexing, notifications, sitemaps, emails and more.

To create the Magento crontab run the following command as magento user:

php ~/public_html/bin/magento cron:install

We can verify that the crontab is installed by running:

crontab -l
#~ MAGENTO START adc062915d7b30804a2b340095af072d
* * * * * /usr/bin/php /opt/magento/public_html/bin/magento cron:run 2>&1 | grep -v "Ran jobs by schedule" >> /opt/magento/public_html/var/log/magento.cron.log
* * * * * /usr/bin/php /opt/magento/public_html/update/cron.php >> /opt/magento/public_html/var/log/update.cron.log
* * * * * /usr/bin/php /opt/magento/public_html/bin/magento setup:cron:run >> /opt/magento/public_html/var/log/setup.cron.log
#~ MAGENTO END adc062915d7b30804a2b340095af072d

Configure Nginx

If you followed our LEMP on CentOS 7 guide you should already have Nginx installed on your machine. Now we only need to create a new server block for our Magento installation. We are going to include the default Nginx configuration shipped with magento:

/etc/nginx/conf.d/example.com.conf

upstream fastcgi_backend {
  server   unix:/run/php-fpm/magento.sock;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;

    include snippets/letsencrypt.conf;
    return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name www.example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
    ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/chain.pem;
    include snippets/ssl.conf;

    return 301 https://example.com$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
    ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/chain.pem;
    include snippets/ssl.conf;

    set $MAGE_ROOT /opt/magento/public_html;
    set $MAGE_MODE developer; # or production

    access_log /var/log/nginx/example.com-access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/example.com-error.log;

    include /opt/magento/public_html/nginx.conf.sample;
}

Reload the Nginx service for changes to take effect:

sudo systemctl reload nginx

Finally, you should be able to login to your Magento installation at https://example.com/admin_1csalp using the admin user you specified when you run the Magento installer.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you installed Magento 2 on your Centos 7 server. You have also generated a free Let’s encrypt SSL certificate and set up Nginx as an SSL termination proxy.

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